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Original Article
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Data Innovation for Environmental Sustainability in India: Smart Agriculture, Water Resource Management, and Urban Air Quality Monitoring
Mohammed Ismail Behlim1
MBA Operations & Data Science, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Mumbai University, Maharashtra India.
Published Online: May-August 2026
Pages: 366-371
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/indjcst.20260502040References
1. Agrawal, A., & Joshi, P. K. (2022). Remote sensing applications for precision agriculture in India: A review. Journal of the Indian Society
of Remote Sensing, 50(5), 871–889.
2. Balwinder-Singh, McDonald, A. J., Srivastava, A. K., & Gerard, B. (2019). Tradeoffs between groundwater conservation and air quality
from agricultural fires in northwest India. Nature Sustainability, 2(7), 580–583.
3. Burney, J., Cesano, D., Russell, J., et al. (2014). Climate change adaptation strategies for smallholder farmers in the Brazilian Sertao. Climatic
Change, 126(1–2), 45–59.
4. Central Ground Water Board. (2024). Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India, Assessment 2024. Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of
India.
5. CropIn Technology Solutions. (2025). Annual Impact Report 2024–25. CropIn.
6. Dey, S., Di Girolamo, L., Van Donkelaar, A., et al. (2012). Variability of outdoor fine particulate (PM2.5) concentration in the Indian
Subcontinent: A remote sensing approach. Remote Sensing of Environment, 127, 153–161.
7. Ghosh, S., Mukherjee, A., & Das, T. (2023). Machine learning for groundwater level prediction in the Indo-Gangetic Basin: A systematic
review. Journal of Hydrology, 617, 128901.
8. Greenstone, M., & Hanna, R. (2014). Environmental regulations, air and water pollution, and infant mortality in India. American Economic
Review, 104(10), 3038–3072.
9. Jain, M., Singh, B., Srivastava, A. A. K., et al. (2019). Using satellite data to identify the causes of and potential solutions for yield gaps in
India’s Wheat Belt. Environmental Research Letters, 14(9), 094004.
10. KPMG India. (2023). AgriTech in India: Landscape and Investor Handbook. KPMG.
11. Kumar, M. D., Sivamohan, M. V. K., & Bassi, N. (2022). Groundwater governance in India: Issues and prospects. In Advances in
Groundwater Governance (pp. 423–448). CRC Press.
12. Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health. (2022). The Lancet Commission on pollution and health: An update. The Lancet, 399(10343),
2487–2498.
13. Nagarajan, R., & Singh, G. (2021). Artificial intelligence in Indian agriculture: Opportunities and challenges. Agricultural Research, 10(3),
305–312.
14. National Clean Air Programme (NCAP). (2019). Framework for pan-India air quality management. Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change.
15. Rajsekhar, D., & Gorelick, S. M. (2017). Increasing drought in Jordan: Climate change and cascading Syrian land-use impacts on reducing
transboundary flow. Science Advances, 3(8), e1700581.
16. Rathore, V. S., & Nathawat, M. S. (2023). Precision agriculture and AI in India: Current status and future prospects. Journal of Agricultural
Science and Technology, 25(3), 678–694.
17. Rodell, M., Velicogna, I., & Famiglietti, J. S. (2009). Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India. Nature, 460(7258), 999–
1002.
18. Sinha, E., Michalak, A. M., & Balaji, V. (2017). Eutrophication will increase during the 21st century as a result of precipit ation changes.
Science, 357(6349), 405–408.
19. Tiwari, V. M., Wahr, J., & Swenson, S. (2009). Dwindling groundwater resources in northern India, from satellite gravity observations.
Geophysical Research Letters, 36(18), L18401.
20. World Health Organization. (2022). WHO global air quality guidelines: Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon
monoxide. WHO
of Remote Sensing, 50(5), 871–889.
2. Balwinder-Singh, McDonald, A. J., Srivastava, A. K., & Gerard, B. (2019). Tradeoffs between groundwater conservation and air quality
from agricultural fires in northwest India. Nature Sustainability, 2(7), 580–583.
3. Burney, J., Cesano, D., Russell, J., et al. (2014). Climate change adaptation strategies for smallholder farmers in the Brazilian Sertao. Climatic
Change, 126(1–2), 45–59.
4. Central Ground Water Board. (2024). Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India, Assessment 2024. Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of
India.
5. CropIn Technology Solutions. (2025). Annual Impact Report 2024–25. CropIn.
6. Dey, S., Di Girolamo, L., Van Donkelaar, A., et al. (2012). Variability of outdoor fine particulate (PM2.5) concentration in the Indian
Subcontinent: A remote sensing approach. Remote Sensing of Environment, 127, 153–161.
7. Ghosh, S., Mukherjee, A., & Das, T. (2023). Machine learning for groundwater level prediction in the Indo-Gangetic Basin: A systematic
review. Journal of Hydrology, 617, 128901.
8. Greenstone, M., & Hanna, R. (2014). Environmental regulations, air and water pollution, and infant mortality in India. American Economic
Review, 104(10), 3038–3072.
9. Jain, M., Singh, B., Srivastava, A. A. K., et al. (2019). Using satellite data to identify the causes of and potential solutions for yield gaps in
India’s Wheat Belt. Environmental Research Letters, 14(9), 094004.
10. KPMG India. (2023). AgriTech in India: Landscape and Investor Handbook. KPMG.
11. Kumar, M. D., Sivamohan, M. V. K., & Bassi, N. (2022). Groundwater governance in India: Issues and prospects. In Advances in
Groundwater Governance (pp. 423–448). CRC Press.
12. Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health. (2022). The Lancet Commission on pollution and health: An update. The Lancet, 399(10343),
2487–2498.
13. Nagarajan, R., & Singh, G. (2021). Artificial intelligence in Indian agriculture: Opportunities and challenges. Agricultural Research, 10(3),
305–312.
14. National Clean Air Programme (NCAP). (2019). Framework for pan-India air quality management. Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change.
15. Rajsekhar, D., & Gorelick, S. M. (2017). Increasing drought in Jordan: Climate change and cascading Syrian land-use impacts on reducing
transboundary flow. Science Advances, 3(8), e1700581.
16. Rathore, V. S., & Nathawat, M. S. (2023). Precision agriculture and AI in India: Current status and future prospects. Journal of Agricultural
Science and Technology, 25(3), 678–694.
17. Rodell, M., Velicogna, I., & Famiglietti, J. S. (2009). Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India. Nature, 460(7258), 999–
1002.
18. Sinha, E., Michalak, A. M., & Balaji, V. (2017). Eutrophication will increase during the 21st century as a result of precipit ation changes.
Science, 357(6349), 405–408.
19. Tiwari, V. M., Wahr, J., & Swenson, S. (2009). Dwindling groundwater resources in northern India, from satellite gravity observations.
Geophysical Research Letters, 36(18), L18401.
20. World Health Organization. (2022). WHO global air quality guidelines: Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon
monoxide. WHO
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