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Original Article
Blockchain-Based Chain of Custody Framework for Digital and Physical Evidence with Legal-Ready Evidence Verification
Vijayasarathy R1
S. Rajadhurai2
1 Department of Computer Science, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Assistant Professor, Center of Excellence in Digital Forensics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published Online: May-August 2026
Pages: 355-365
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/indjcst.20260502039References
1. Almashaqbeh, G., Alabdulatif, A., & Almulhim, A. (2025). Permissioned blockchain architectures for secure evidence handling in digital
forensics. Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation, 53, 301351.
2. Caldas, M., Pereira, L., & Rodrigues, J. (2025). From collection to analysis: A blockchain solution for transparent and reliable chain of
custody in the oil and gas sector. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 190, 109812.
3. Hyperledger Foundation. (2024). Hyperledger Fabric: Enterprise-grade permissioned blockchain for secure applications. Linux Foundation.
4. Igonor, E. (2025). The application of blockchain technology in the field of digital forensics. Forensic Science International: Digital
Investigation, 52, 301298.
5. Jogale, A., Patil, S., & Kulkarni, V. (2025). Maintaining chain of custody using blockchain: A systematic literature review. Journal of
Information Security and Applications, 78, 103645.
6. Kumar, A., Verma, S., & Rao, S. (2024). Securing forensic evidence using permissioned blockchain systems. IEEE Access, 12, 118234–
118246.
7. Lavin Perrino, I., & Llanos Ferraris, D. R. (2025). An Analysis of Blockchain Solutions for Digital Evidence Chain of Custody. Digital
Investigation, 52, 301–314.
8. Meral, M., Yılmaz, O., & Aydın, E. (2025). A blockchain-based approach to enhancing transparency and accountability in cybersecurity
incident response and digital forensics. Future Generation Computer Systems, 152, 134–147.
9. Nagamani, K. (2025). An Implementation of Blockchain Technology in Crime Scene Evidence Management System. International Journal
of Digital Crime and Forensics, 17(2), 1–15.
10. Rathore, S., Park, J. H., & Kim, J. (2024). Blockchain-based digital evidence management for judicial and law enforcement systems.
Computer Law & Security Review, 52, 105892.
11. Scrivano, A. (2025). Data Acquisition Under Chain of Custody in the Era of Big Data. Journal of Big Data, 12(1), 44.
12. Sharma, N., Mehta, K., & Gupta, R. (2024). Legal admissibility of blockchain-based digital evidence: Challenges and opportunities.
International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 32(2), 145–163.
13. Singh, R., & Sharma, P. (2024). Blockchain-enabled digital forensics: Challenges, opportunities, and legal implications. Journal of
Cybersecurity and Privacy, 4(3), 456–472.
14. Verma, P., Singh, A., & Choudhary, S. (2025). Ensuring chain of custody integrity using smart contracts in forensic investigations. Journal
of Information Security and Applications, 79, 103702.
forensics. Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation, 53, 301351.
2. Caldas, M., Pereira, L., & Rodrigues, J. (2025). From collection to analysis: A blockchain solution for transparent and reliable chain of
custody in the oil and gas sector. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 190, 109812.
3. Hyperledger Foundation. (2024). Hyperledger Fabric: Enterprise-grade permissioned blockchain for secure applications. Linux Foundation.
4. Igonor, E. (2025). The application of blockchain technology in the field of digital forensics. Forensic Science International: Digital
Investigation, 52, 301298.
5. Jogale, A., Patil, S., & Kulkarni, V. (2025). Maintaining chain of custody using blockchain: A systematic literature review. Journal of
Information Security and Applications, 78, 103645.
6. Kumar, A., Verma, S., & Rao, S. (2024). Securing forensic evidence using permissioned blockchain systems. IEEE Access, 12, 118234–
118246.
7. Lavin Perrino, I., & Llanos Ferraris, D. R. (2025). An Analysis of Blockchain Solutions for Digital Evidence Chain of Custody. Digital
Investigation, 52, 301–314.
8. Meral, M., Yılmaz, O., & Aydın, E. (2025). A blockchain-based approach to enhancing transparency and accountability in cybersecurity
incident response and digital forensics. Future Generation Computer Systems, 152, 134–147.
9. Nagamani, K. (2025). An Implementation of Blockchain Technology in Crime Scene Evidence Management System. International Journal
of Digital Crime and Forensics, 17(2), 1–15.
10. Rathore, S., Park, J. H., & Kim, J. (2024). Blockchain-based digital evidence management for judicial and law enforcement systems.
Computer Law & Security Review, 52, 105892.
11. Scrivano, A. (2025). Data Acquisition Under Chain of Custody in the Era of Big Data. Journal of Big Data, 12(1), 44.
12. Sharma, N., Mehta, K., & Gupta, R. (2024). Legal admissibility of blockchain-based digital evidence: Challenges and opportunities.
International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 32(2), 145–163.
13. Singh, R., & Sharma, P. (2024). Blockchain-enabled digital forensics: Challenges, opportunities, and legal implications. Journal of
Cybersecurity and Privacy, 4(3), 456–472.
14. Verma, P., Singh, A., & Choudhary, S. (2025). Ensuring chain of custody integrity using smart contracts in forensic investigations. Journal
of Information Security and Applications, 79, 103702.
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