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Original Article
Multi Factor Biometric Authentication System Using Vision Transformer and Deep Face for Scam Resistant Intelligent Online Banking Transactions
Dr.Gnana Saravanan Athimoolam1
M. Divya2
M. Jeevitha3
S.Indhu Priya4
1 Professor & Dean IQAC, Er. Perumal Manimekalai College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India. 2 3 4 Department of Information Technology, Er. Perumal Manimekalai College of Engineering, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published Online: January-April 2026
Pages: 558-562
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/indjcst.20260501063
References
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9. Y. Zhang et al., “Privacy-preserving face recognition based on PCA,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 1234–1245, 2017.
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13. F. Schroff, D. Kalenichenko, and J. Philbin, “FaceNet: A unified embedding for face recognition,” in Proc. CVPR, pp. 815–823, 2015.
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15. J. Deng et al., “ArcFace: Additive angular margin loss for deep face recognition,” in Proc. CVPR, pp. 4690–4699, 2019.
2. M. Turk and A. Pentland, “Eigenfaces for recognition,” J. Cogn. Neurosci., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 71– 86, 1991.
3. P. N. Belhumeur, J. P. Hespanha, and D. J. Kriegman, “Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition using class specific linear projection,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 711–720, 1997.
4. S. T. Roweis and L. K. Saul, “Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear embedding,” Science, vol. 290, no. 5500, pp. 2323–2326, 2000.
5. X. He and P. Niyogi, “Laplacian eigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation,” Neural Comput., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 1373–1396, 2003.
6. K. Chen et al., “Secure outsourcing of large-scale linear systems,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 626–636, 2014.
7. Y. Zhou and Z. Li, “Secure eigenvalue decomposition outsourcing,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 12345–12356, 2018.
8. P. Pramkaew and S. Ngamsuriyaroj, “Lightweight SVD outsourcing for big data,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 56789–56800, 2019.
9. Y. Zhang et al., “Privacy-preserving face recognition based on PCA,” IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 1234–1245, 2017.
10. S. Rath et al., “Security flaws in PCA-based outsourcing schemes,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 45678– 45690, 2020.
11. J. Goodfellow et al., “Generative adversarial nets,” in Proc. NeurIPS, pp. 2672–2680, 2014.
12. I. Goodfellow et al., “Deep learning,” MIT Press, 2016.
13. F. Schroff, D. Kalenichenko, and J. Philbin, “FaceNet: A unified embedding for face recognition,” in Proc. CVPR, pp. 815–823, 2015.
14. O. M. Parkhi, A. Vedaldi, and A. Zisserman, “Deep face recognition,” in Proc. BMVC, pp. 1–12, 2015.
15. J. Deng et al., “ArcFace: Additive angular margin loss for deep face recognition,” in Proc. CVPR, pp. 4690–4699, 2019.
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