ARCHIVES

[1]. H. Benchoufi and P. Ravaud, “Blockchain technology for improving clinical research quality,” Trials, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 335, 2017. doi:
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[2]. C. C. Agbo, Q. H. Mahmoud, and J. M. Eklund, “Blockchain technology in healthcare: A systematic review,” Healthcare, vol. 7, no. 2, p.
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[3]. S. Tuli, R. Mahmud, C. T. Lung, and R. Buyya, “Blockchain–Cloud Integration: A Survey and Open Challenges,” Future Generation
Computer Systems, vol. 130, pp. 60–74, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.future.2021.12.004
[4]. M. Crosby, P. Pattanayak, S. Verma, and V. Kalyanaraman, “Blockchain Technology: Beyond Bitcoin,” Applied Innovation Review, vol.
2, pp. 6–10, 2016.
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[6]. K. Christidis and M. Devetsikiotis, “Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things,” IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 2292–2303,
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[7]. Z. Zheng, S. Xie, H. Dai, X. Chen, and H. Wang, “An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends,”
in 2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress), Honolulu, HI, USA, 2017, pp. 557–564. doi:
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[8]. M. Pilkington, “Blockchain Technology: Principles and Applications,” in Research Handbook on Digital Transformations, F. X. Olleros
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[9]. I. Bashir, Mastering Blockchain: Unlocking the Power of Cryptocurrencies, Smart Contracts, and Decentralized Applications, 2nd ed.
Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing, 2018.
[10]. N. Kshetri, “Blockchain’s roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives,” Int. J. Inf. Manage., vol. 39, pp. 80–89, 2018. doi:
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[11]. Y. Yuan and F.-Y. Wang, “Blockchain: The State of the Art and Future Trends,” Acta Automatica Sinica, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 481–494,
2016. doi: 10.16383/j.aas.2016.c150772[12]. S. Yaqoob, M. A. Shah, M. Imran, M. Alhussein, A. Anpalagan, and L. Guizani, “Blockchain for healthcare data management:
Opportunities, challenges, and future recommendations,” Neural Comput. Appl., vol. 32, pp. 989–1022, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s00521-018-
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[13]. S. Shi, D. He, L. Li, N. Kumar, M. K. Khan, and K.-K. R. Choo, “Applications of blockchain in ensuring the security and privacy of
electronic health record systems: A survey,” Computers & Security, vol. 97, p. 101966, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.cose.2020.101966
[14]. L. Fan, Z. Xiao, Y. He, and X. Fan, “A blockchain-based privacy-preserving data sharing scheme for medical information,” IEEE Access,
vol. 9, pp. 61151–61161, 2021. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3074092
[15]. G. Mandal and B. K. Bhargava, “Blockchain-based secure data sharing for healthcare using smart contracts,” in Proc. 2021 IEEE Int. Conf.
Adv. Comput. Commun. Syst., 2021, pp. 100–105. doi: 10.1109/ICACCS51520.2021.9354228
[16]. S. Nugent and S. Upton, “Blockchain to block fraud,” Nature, vol. 550, no. 7674, pp. 43–45, 2017. doi: 10.1038/550043a
[17]. Block Chain In Healthcare Market Report 2025," The Business Research Company, May 2025.
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[18]. V. Mandarino, G. Pappalardo, and E. Tramontana, “A Blockchain-Based Electronic Health Record (EHR) System for Edge Computing
Enhancing Security and Cost Efficiency,” Computers, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 132, 2024. doi: 10.3390/computers13060132
[19]. J. Liu, X. Li, L. Ye, H. Zhang, X. Du, and M. Guizani, “BPDS: A blockchain based privacy-preserving data sharing for electronic medical
records,” in Proc. 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conf. (GLOBECOM), Abu Dhabi, UAE, Dec. 2018, pp. 1–6. doi:
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[20]. M. Mettler, “Blockchain technology in healthcare: The revolution starts here,” in 2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on e-Health
Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom), Munich, 2016, pp. 1–3. doi: 10.1109/HealthCom.2016.7749510
[21]. P. Zhang et al., “FHIRChain: Applying blockchain to securely and scalably share clinical data,” Computational and Structural
Biotechnology Journal, vol. 16, pp. 267–278, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.07.004
[22]. M. Azaria, A. Ekblaw, T. Vieira, and A. Lippman, “MedRec: Using blockchain for medical data access and permission management, ” in
2016 2nd International Conference on Open and Big Data (OBD), Vienna, 2016, pp. 25–30. doi: 10.1109/OBD.2016.11
[23]. C. Esposito, A. De Santis, G. Tortora, H. Chang, and M. Choo, “Blockchain: A panacea for healthcare cloud-based data security and
privacy?,” IEEE Cloud Computing, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 31–37, 2018. doi: 10.1109/MCC.2018.011791712
[24]. H. Dai, C. Taylor, J. Rehman, K. Nazir, and S. J. Maddox, “TrialChain: A Blockchain Based Platform to Validate Data Integrity in Large,
Biomedical Research Studies,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.06178, Jul. 2018. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.06178
[25]. A. Choudhury, J. P. Van Oorschot, and M. Zulkernine, “A Blockchain Framework for Managing and Monitoring Data in Multi Site Clinical
Trials,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1902.07546, Feb. 2019. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.07546
[26]. P. Kushwaha, A. Singh, and M. Tripathi, “Enhancing clinical drug trial monitoring with blockchain technology,” Contemporary Clinical
Trials, vol. 146, 2024, Art. no. 107058. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107058
[27]. J. Oakley, N. Patel, and A. Sharma, “Scrybe: A Secure Audit Trail for Clinical Trial Data Fusion,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2109.08214, Sep.
2021. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.08214
[28]. M. R. Ghobadi, S. F. S. Mohammadi, and S. A. Razavi, “A systematic review of the blockchain application in healthcare research domain,”
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, Jan. 2025. doi: 10.1007/s11517-025-02854-0
[29]. M. T. Hassan, H. Asif, and R. Tariq, “Blockchain in clinical trials: Bibliometric and network studies,” Int. J. Med. Inform., vol. 183, p.
105282, 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105282
[30]. J. Yue, Z. Wang, D. Jin, M. Li, and W. Jiang, “Healthcare data gateways: Found healthcare intelligence on blockchain with novel privacy
risk control,” J. Med. Syst., vol. 40, no. 10, p. 218, 2016. doi: 10.1007/s10916-016-0574-6
[31]. H. Fan, J. Zhao, and J. Zou, “Blockchain-based efficient and secure data sharing scheme for medical data,” J. Med. Syst., vol. 44, no. 2, p.
51, 2020. doi: 10.1007/s10916-020-1531-7
[32]. M. A. Rahman, M. A. Hossain, M. S. Hossain, and M. S. Arefin, “A blockchain-based framework for COVID-19 vaccine distribution in
smart cities,” Internet of Things, vol. 16, p. 100432, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.iot.2021.100432
[33]. R. D. Alexander, T. G. Papaioannou, and G. Mylonas, “A blockchain-based framework for epidemic monitoring and control,” in Proc.
IEEE Int. Conf. on E-Health Networking, Application & Services (Healthcom), 2021, pp. 1–6. doi:
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[34]. A. Sharma and D. Singh, “Blockchain technology for effective management of COVID-19 pandemic,” Health Policy and Technology,
vol. 10, no. 4, p. 100534, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2021.100534
[35]. M. Al Omar, M. Rahman, M. S. Hossain, and B. Song, “Privacy-friendly platform for healthcare data in cloud based on blockchain
environment,” Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 95, pp. 511–521, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.future.2019.01.014
[36]. M. Hylock and V. Zengul, “Blockchain Technology and Its Role in Health Information Exchange,” Health Policy and Technology, vol. 8,
no. 4, pp. 339–346, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2019.08.005
[37]. M. Roehrs, C. A. da Costa, R. da Rosa Righi, and D. C. da Silva, “Personal Health Records: A Systematic Literature Review,” J. Med.
Internet Res., vol. 19, no. 1, p. e13, 2017. doi: 10.2196/jmir.5876
[38]. D. M. Park, M. S. Kim, H. Lee, and S. H. Choi, “Blockchain-based personal health record sharing system using smart contracts,” Sensors,
vol. 20, no. 6, p. 1636, 2020. doi: 10.3390/s200601636
[39]. S. Kuo, C. Kim, and Y. Ohno-Machado, “Blockchain distributed ledger technologies for biomedical and health care applications,” J. Am.
Med. Inform. Assoc., vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1211–1220, 2017. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocx068
[40]. A. Reyna, C. Martín, J. Chen, E. Soler, and M. Díaz, “On blockchain and its integration with IoT. Challenges and opportunities,” Future
Generation Computer Systems, vol. 88, pp. 173–190, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.future.2018.05.046
[41]. S. Yue, H. Wang, D. Jin, and F. Li, “Healthcare Data Privacy: A Deep Learning Approach with Blockchain and Homomorphic Encryption,”
IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 136771–136784, 2021. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3129487
[42]. R. M. Parizi, A. Dehghantanha, and K.-K. R. Choo, “Blockchain in Healthcare: Challenges and Solutions,” in Proc. 20th IEEE Int. Conf.
Mobile Data Management (MDM), Hong Kong, 2019, pp. 351–356. doi: 10.1109/MDM.2019.00067
[43]. P. K. Sharma, S. Y. Moon, and J. H. Park, “Block-VN: A Distributed Blockchain Based Vehicular Network Architecture in Smart City,”
J. Inf. Process. Syst., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 184–195, 2017. doi: 10.3745/JIPS.02.0075
[44]. A. Hasselgren, F. Kralevska, A. Gligoroski, J. Faxvaag, and C. Kristensen, “Blockchain in healthcare and health sciences—A scoping
review,” Int. J. Med. Inform., vol. 134, p. 104040, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.104040